Angioid streaks are structural changes in the eye that can lead to serious vision issues. Connect with a top specialist for evaluation and management.
Angioid streaks are thin, jagged lines that can be seen under the retina during an eye exam. They usually appear in both eyes and are caused by tiny cracks in a layer of tissue called Bruch’s membrane, which helps support the retina. These lines don’t usually cause symptoms, so many people don’t know they have them until an eye doctor finds them during a check-up.
Angioid streaks, also called Knapp streaks, are thin, line-like marks that spread out from the optic disc, the part of the eye where the optic nerve connects to the brain. These streaks look a bit like blood vessels and happen when a layer of tissue under the retina, called Bruch’s membrane, gets tiny cracks or splits. Even though they can look dramatic during an eye exam, most people don’t notice any symptoms and often find out they have them by chance.
In most cases, angioid streaks do not cause any symptoms. Many people have them without knowing it, and they’re often found by chance during a routine eye exam. Because the streaks themselves don’t usually affect vision, they can go unnoticed for years. However, just because there are no symptoms at first doesn’t mean they are harmless. Over time, complications may develop that can impact your vision, especially if not monitored or treated early.
While angioid streaks alone usually don't cause vision problems, they can lead to serious complications, such as:
Angioid streaks are caused by cracks in Bruch’s membrane, a thin layer beneath the retina that helps transport nutrients from the blood supply in the choroid to the retina. When this membrane becomes thickened, brittle, or weakened, it’s more likely to tear leading to the formation of the streak-like lines seen during an eye exam.
These cracks may form:
The streaks typically spread out from the optic disc in a jagged, irregular pattern and are a sign that deeper layers of the eye may be under strain.
Certain systemic conditions are known to be linked with the emergence of angioid streaks. In addition to these systemic conditions, there are other factors that can predispose a person to developing angioid streaks. Aging, for instance, is a natural risk factor, as the structure and elasticity of Bruch’s membrane may diminish over time. Similarly, any form of trauma to the eye, such as an injury sustained in sports or during hazardous work conditions, can increase the likelihood of developing these characteristic streaks. A useful way to remember some of these conditions is by thinking of the acronym PEPSI:
An inherited disorder that leads to abnormal mineral buildup in the body’s elastic fibers, the most commonly associated condition with angioid streaks.
A group of disorders known for affecting connective tissue, which can make the eye tissues more fragile and susceptible to developing streaks.
A condition that alters normal bone remodeling, influencing tissues in different parts of the body, including the eyes.
If you're concerned about angioid streaks or need specialized care, connect with our experienced retina specialists today. They can provide evaluations and tailored treatment plans for your specific needs.
A blood disorder that can have ripple effects on various tissues due to compromised circulation and oxygen delivery.
Situations where the exact cause is unknown, which include spontaneous cases affecting aspects like hemoglobin or collagen integrity.
At present, there is no direct treatment to reverse angioid streaks because they are a structural change in the eye’s tissue rather than an active disease. The focus instead lies on managing any complications that arise from these streaks and treating any related systemic conditions. If complications such as choroidal neovascularization occur, timely intervention is critical to prevent further vision loss.
When invasive new blood vessels develop within or beneath the retina, our retina specialists may recommend therapies aimed at controlling their growth. One common treatment involves anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications that help suppress the formation of abnormal vessels by targeting the factors that promote their growth. These medications are delivered through injections directly into the vitreous humor of the eye and are usually given on a repeated schedule to maintain their benefits. Additionally, techniques such as photocoagulation, which uses targeted laser energy to reduce the impact of these vessels, may be suggested, although such methods come with their own set of risks.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which combines light energy with a photosensitizing medicine, is another treatment option that has been used in cases where vessel proliferation is particularly troublesome. While PDT can help manage problematic blood vessels, it may temporarily increase sensitivity to sunlight and, in rare instances, create a blind spot or lead to the development of additional abnormal vessels. It is important to be aware of these potential side effects, and our retina specialists work closely with you to balance the benefits and risks involved with any treatment strategy.
Since angioid streaks that arise from systemic conditions are largely unavoidable, the emphasis on prevention often applies more directly to cases related to eye injuries. While you cannot prevent changes in Bruch’s membrane brought on by inherited or systemic factors, you can take steps to minimize the risk of trauma to your eyes. Wearing protective eye gear during activities that expose you to flying debris or when working with heavy machinery is one of the simplest yet most effective precautions you can take.
For those who enjoy recreational or sporting activities that might put your eyes at risk such as motorcycle riding, contact sports, or even certain types of yard work, utilizing appropriate safety gear can significantly reduce your chances of sustaining an injury that might exacerbate the development of angioid streaks. These preventive practices are especially important if you already have conditions that predispose you to these streaks. By simply taking a few extra precautions, you can safeguard your vision and contribute to the overall health of your eyes, further complementing the regular care provided by our retina specialists.
If you're concerned about angioid streaks or need specialized care, connect with our experienced retina specialists today. They can provide evaluations and tailored treatment plans for your specific needs.
Angioid streaks are retinal changes that may lead to serious complications. Find a top optometrist near you for expert evaluation and care.
