Endophthalmitis: Understanding Eye Infection and Risks

Endophthalmitis is a critical eye infection that can lead to significant vision loss if left untreated. Trust the expertise of our eye doctors to provide the immediate care you need.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Endophthalmitis is a serious infection inside the eyeball that can develop rapidly and potentially lead to permanent vision loss if not treated immediately. It is important to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options to protect your vision. Our eye doctors are here to help you with expert care and personalized guidance.

What Is Endophthalmitis?

Endophthalmitis refers to an infection that occurs within the internal tissues or fluids of the eye. The infection can affect either the vitreous humor or the aqueous humor, both of which are normally sterile and well protected. Because the inside of the eye is such a delicate area, any infection here is classified as a medical emergency.

Most often, endophthalmitis is caused by bacteria, though it can also be due to fungi. The condition may start very suddenly (acute endophthalmitis) or develop gradually over a longer period (chronic endophthalmitis). In either case, protecting the delicate structures of your eye is a top priority in treatment.

Types and Causes of Endophthalmitis

Exogenous Endophthalmitis

This is the most common type of endophthalmitis. It occurs when bacteria or fungi enter the eye from the outside. Here’s the thing: any time there is an opening in the closed, sterile environment of the eye, there is a potential risk. Exogenous endophthalmitis may develop:

  • After eye surgery, such as cataract surgery or cornea transplant
  • Following intravitreal injections for retinal diseases
  • After an eye injury, especially when there is a puncture wound or trauma that allows foreign material into the eye

When the infection develops quickly—often within a few days after the procedure or injury—it is classified as acute endophthalmitis. In contrast, a slower-developing infection is known as chronic endophthalmitis, which may be seen after specific types of bacterial or fungal infections.

Endogenous Endophthalmitis

In this type, the infection does not begin in the eye itself but rather spreads from another part of the body. For instance, an infection such as a urinary tract infection or sepsis can spread through the bloodstream and eventually seed the eye. People with weakened immune systems or who are already sick are at a higher risk. Although rare, endogenous endophthalmitis is a reminder of how systemic health issues can impact the eyes.

If you experience symptoms of endophthalmitis, contact us to find a top eye doctor near you for prompt attention.

Symptoms of Endophthalmitis

Identifying the symptoms of endophthalmitis as early as possible is critical. Here’s what to look out for if you have recently undergone eye surgery, received an injection, or sustained an eye injury:

  • Eye Pain: Persistent or worsening pain within the eye that does not improve.
  • Redness: Significant redness of the eye, often accompanied by inflammation.
  • Pus or Discharge: A white or yellow discharge on or around the eyelid.
  • Swelling: Puffy or swollen eyelids that make the eye look irritated.
  • Decreased Vision: Blurred vision or a sudden loss of clarity, making it difficult to see details.
  • Sensitivity to Light (Photophobia): Trouble looking at bright lights can be an early indicator of the infection developing inside your eye.

If you experience any of these symptoms, especially if you know you have a history of recent eye procedures or injuries, please do not hesitate to seek immediate medical attention from our eye doctors.

How Endophthalmitis Is Diagnosed

When symptoms of endophthalmitis are present, prompt diagnosis is vital. Our eye doctors will perform a thorough eye examination which includes:

  • Visual Acuity Testing: Checking how well you can see to determine if there is a decrease in vision.
  • Ocular Examination: Using specialized instruments to look at the internal structures of your eye.
  • Ultrasound: When there is significant infection or media opacity, an ultrasound can be essential in visualizing the back of the eye.
  • Fluid Sampling: A procedure called an aqueous or vitreous tap may be performed. In this procedure, a very small sample of fluid is drawn from your eye using a fine needle. The fluid is then sent to a laboratory to test for the presence of bacteria or fungi.

These tests help to not only confirm the diagnosis of endophthalmitis but also guide the treatment plan based on the type of infection present.

Endophthalmitis: Understanding Eye Infection and Risks

If you experience symptoms of endophthalmitis, contact us to find a top eye doctor near you for prompt attention.

Common Questions

Symptoms include eye pain, redness, pus or discharge, swelling, decreased vision, and sensitivity to light.
Treatment typically involves intravitreal injections of antibiotics and, in severe cases, vitrectomy surgery to remove infected tissue.
Endophthalmitis can be caused by bacteria or fungi entering the eye, often after surgery, injections, or due to trauma.
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Endophthalmitis: Understanding Eye Infection and Risks

Endophthalmitis is a serious eye infection that can lead to vision loss. Seek immediate care from top eye doctors to protect your sight.

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